World-Class enterprises make no distinction between "external" and "internal" clients.

Every internal processing unit is seen as supplier of other downstream processing unit/s and client of upstream unit/s.
Most upstream processing units are direct clients of "external" suppliers or subcontractors, while most downstream units are "frontline" suppliers of "external" clients.

The value-chain continuum is now integral and global, and the value-chain principles (--> more) are now endlessly applied:

• Maximisation of value transmitted at each step in the chain

• Maximisation of client's satisfaction

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